Investigating the Effect of <i>Jo-Ha-Kyū</i> on Music Tempos and Kinematics across Cultures: Animation Design for 3D Characters Using Japanese Bunraku Theater

Abstract Bunraku theater is a traditional Japanese performing art. puppeteering can invoke deep unconscious affective reactions from the audience, overcoming what known as uncanny valley effect. The authors analyze plays, showing that music tempo and puppet movements follow Jo-Ha-Kyū principle, which refers to recursive fractal artistic modulations such changes of rhythm breaks. then illustrate difference between European dance finally propose application in character animation design.